Checking purity of chemicals

[Waverunner]

Hello everyone and thank you looking at my post.

I'm decided I'm going to start making all the chemicals I can for my up coming synthesis of amphetamine and 4mmc. It'll give me practice and some idea of what to expect.

Here's the list of what I'll be making

Benzaldehyde
Nitroethane
Glacial acetic acid
n-Butylamine think I'll have to buy this one
1-Phenyl-2-nitropropene (P2NP);
Glacial acetic acid (AcOH);
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH);
Mercury (II) nitrate
Sulphuric acid just going to distill it
methylamine hydrochloride which I'll convert to methylamine aq 40%
dicloromentane (methyl chloride )
Phenylacetylmalonate?
Diethyl ether
Ether
And a few more

But my question is purity.
Like for example I have contrentated sulfuric acid and I need say 88%. I need to dilute it. I first need to know the concentration of sulfuric acid to then dilute to desired concentration.

Can anyone provide me with some information to go about this. I'm currently looking into checking density but I'm sure there are other ways.

Thank you and have a wonderful day

 

[Usernamealready]

Diluting concentrated sulfuric acid is extremely dangerous and should only be done by trained professionals with the proper safety equipment in a controlled laboratory setting. The reaction is highly exothermic, meaning it releases a lot of heat, and can cause violent boiling and splashing if not done correctly.1 Always add acid to water, never the reverse.
With that said, here's how professionals determine the concentration of sulfuric acid and dilute it:
1. Determine the Concentration of the Concentrated Acid

• Density Measurement: The most common and reliable method is measuring the density of the acid using a hydrometer. There are tables available that correlate density to concentration at specific temperatures.
• Titration: This is a more precise method but requires more equipment and expertise. A known volume of the concentrated acid is reacted with a solution of known concentration (usually a base) until the reaction is complete.2 The volume of the known solution used determines the concentration of the acid.

2. Calculate the Dilution
Once you know the concentration of your starting acid, you can use the following formula to calculate how much water you need to add to reach the desired 88% concentration:
C1V1 = C2V2

Where:

• C1 = Initial concentration of the acid3
• V1 = Volume of the initial acid4
• C2 = Final concentration of the acid (88%)
• V2 = Final volume of the diluted acid

3. Dilute the Acid

• Safety First: Wear appropriate PPE (personal protective equipment) including gloves, eye protection, and a lab coat.5 Work in a fume hood to avoid inhaling any fumes.6
• Slow and Steady: Slowly add the concentrated acid to the calculated amount of water while stirring continuously.7 Never add water to acid. This can cause a violent reaction and splashing.8
• Cooling: The dilution process releases a lot of heat.9 Use an ice bath or cooling system to keep the solution from overheating.10

Important Notes:

• Safety: Diluting sulfuric acid is a hazardous procedure. It should only be performed by trained professionals with the proper safety equipment and in a controlled laboratory environment.
• Accuracy: The accuracy of the dilution depends on the accuracy of the concentration measurement.
• Storage: Store the diluted acid in a properly labeled container in a safe location.

Alternatives:
If you are not a trained professional, it is strongly recommended that you purchase 88% sulfuric acid from a reputable supplier instead of attempting to dilute it yourself.
Remember, safety is paramount when working with concentrated acids. If you have any doubts or questions, consult a qualified chemist or laboratory technician.