Sprawdzanie czystości substancji chemicznych

[Waverunner]

Witam wszystkich i dziękuję za zapoznanie się z moim postem.

Postanowiłem, że zacznę wytwarzać wszystkie chemikalia, które mogę, do mojej nadchodzącej syntezy amfetaminy i 4mmc. Da mi to praktykę i pewne wyobrażenie o tym, czego się spodziewać.

Oto lista tego, co będę robił

Benzaldehyd
Nitroetan
Kwas octowy lodowaty
n-butyloamina, chyba będę musiał ją kupić
1-fenylo-2-nitropropen (P2NP);
Lodowaty kwas octowy (AcOH);
Wodorotlenek sodu (NaOH);
Azotan rtęci (II)
kwas siarkowy do destylacji
chlorowodorek metyloaminy, który przekształcę w metyloaminę aq 40%
dichloromentan (chlorek metylu)
Malonian fenyloacetylu?
Eter dietylowy
Eter
I jeszcze kilka innych

Ale moje pytanie dotyczy czystości.
Na przykład, mam stężony kwas siarkowy i potrzebuję 88%. Muszę go rozcieńczyć. Najpierw muszę znać stężenie kwasu siarkowego, aby następnie rozcieńczyć go do pożądanego stężenia.

Czy ktoś może udzielić mi informacji, jak to zrobić. Obecnie sprawdzam gęstość, ale jestem pewien, że istnieją inne sposoby.

Dziękuję i życzę miłego dnia

 

[Usernamealready]

Diluting concentrated sulfuric acid is extremely dangerous and should only be done by trained professionals with the proper safety equipment in a controlled laboratory setting. The reaction is highly exothermic, meaning it releases a lot of heat, and can cause violent boiling and splashing if not done correctly.1 Always add acid to water, never the reverse.
With that said, here's how professionals determine the concentration of sulfuric acid and dilute it:
1. Determine the Concentration of the Concentrated Acid

• Density Measurement: The most common and reliable method is measuring the density of the acid using a hydrometer. There are tables available that correlate density to concentration at specific temperatures.
• Titration: This is a more precise method but requires more equipment and expertise. A known volume of the concentrated acid is reacted with a solution of known concentration (usually a base) until the reaction is complete.2 The volume of the known solution used determines the concentration of the acid.

2. Calculate the Dilution
Once you know the concentration of your starting acid, you can use the following formula to calculate how much water you need to add to reach the desired 88% concentration:
C1V1 = C2V2

Where:

• C1 = Initial concentration of the acid3
• V1 = Volume of the initial acid4
• C2 = Final concentration of the acid (88%)
• V2 = Final volume of the diluted acid

3. Dilute the Acid

• Safety First: Wear appropriate PPE (personal protective equipment) including gloves, eye protection, and a lab coat.5 Work in a fume hood to avoid inhaling any fumes.6
• Slow and Steady: Slowly add the concentrated acid to the calculated amount of water while stirring continuously.7 Never add water to acid. This can cause a violent reaction and splashing.8
• Cooling: The dilution process releases a lot of heat.9 Use an ice bath or cooling system to keep the solution from overheating.10

Important Notes:

• Safety: Diluting sulfuric acid is a hazardous procedure. It should only be performed by trained professionals with the proper safety equipment and in a controlled laboratory environment.
• Accuracy: The accuracy of the dilution depends on the accuracy of the concentration measurement.
• Storage: Store the diluted acid in a properly labeled container in a safe location.

Alternatives:
If you are not a trained professional, it is strongly recommended that you purchase 88% sulfuric acid from a reputable supplier instead of attempting to dilute it yourself.
Remember, safety is paramount when working with concentrated acids. If you have any doubts or questions, consult a qualified chemist or laboratory technician.